This document will guide you through installing Python 3.8 and Django on Windows. It also provides instructions for setting up a virtual environment, which makes it easier to work on Python projects. This is meant as a beginner's guide for users working on Django projects and does not reflect how Django should be installed when developing patches for Django itself.
The steps in this guide have been tested with Windows 10. In other versions, the steps would be similar. You will need to be familiar with using the Windows command prompt.
Django is a Python web framework, thus requiring Python to be installed on your machine. At the time of writing, Python 3.8 is the latest version.
To install Python on your machine go to https://www.python.org/downloads/. The website should offer you a download button for the latest Python version. Download the executable installer and run it. Check the boxes next to "Install launcher for all users (recommended)" then click "Install Now".
インストール後、コマンドプロンプトを開き、次のコマンドを実行して、Python のバージョンが今インストールしたバージョンと一致するかどうか確認します。
...\> py --version
参考
For more details, see Using Python on Windows documentation.
pip について¶pip is a package manager for Python and is included by default with the
Python installer. It helps to install and uninstall Python packages
(such as Django!). For the rest of the installation, we'll use pip to
install Python packages from the command line.
It is best practice to provide a dedicated environment for each Django project you create. There are many options to manage environments and packages within the Python ecosystem, some of which are recommended in the Python documentation. Python itself comes with venv for managing environments which we will use for this guide.
To create a virtual environment for your project, open a new command prompt, navigate to the folder where you want to create your project and then enter the following:
...\> py -m venv project-name
This will create a folder called 'project-name' if it does not already exist and set up the virtual environment. To activate the environment, run:
...\> project-name\Scripts\activate.bat
The virtual environment will be activated and you'll see "(project-name)" next to the command prompt to designate that. Each time you start a new command prompt, you'll need to activate the environment again.
Django は仮想環境内で pip を使って簡単にインストールできます。
コマンドプロンプトで、仮想環境が有効であることを確認し、次のコマンドを実行します:
...\> py -m pip install Django
これにより、Django の最新版のリリースがダウンロードされ、インストールされます。
インストールが完了したら、コマンドプロンプトで django-admin --version というコマンドを実行することで、Django が正しくインストールされたかどうかを確認することができます。
Django とともにデータベースをインストールするための情報については、 データベースを動かす を参照してください。
A quality-of-life feature adds colored (rather than monochrome) output to the
terminal. In modern terminals this should work for both CMD and PowerShell. If
for some reason this needs to be disabled, set the environmental variable
DJANGO_COLORS to nocolor.
On older Windows versions, or legacy terminals, colorama must be installed to enable syntax coloring:
...\> py -m pip install colorama
See Syntax coloring for more information on color settings.
どんな引数を与えても django-admin がヘルプテキストしか表示してくれない場合、Windows のファイルの関連付けに問題がある可能性があります。PATH に Python のスクリプトを実行するのに必要な環境変数が2つ以上設定されていないかどうか確認してください。2つ以上のバージョンの Python をインストールした時にこの問題が起こることがあります。
If you are connecting to the internet behind a proxy, there might be problems
in running the command py -m pip install Django. Set the environment
variables for proxy configuration in the command prompt as follows:
...\> set http_proxy=http://username:password@proxyserver:proxyport
...\> set https_proxy=https://username:password@proxyserver:proxyport
In general, Django assumes that UTF-8 encoding is used for I/O. This may
cause problems if your system is set to use a different encoding. Recent
versions of Python allow setting the PYTHONUTF8 environment
variable in order to force a UTF-8 encoding. Windows 10 also provides a
system-wide setting by checking Use Unicode UTF-8 for worldwide language
support in in system settings.
2022年6月01日