#include <sys/mman.h> int mprotect(void *addr, size_t len, int prot); #define _GNU_SOURCE /* feature_test_macros(7) 参照 */ #include <sys/mman.h> int pkey_mprotect(void *addr, size_t len, int prot, int pkey);
呼び出し元のプロセスがアクセス保護に違反するようなメモリーアクセスを 行おうとすると、カーネルはシグナル SIGSEGV をそのプロセスに対して生成する。
prot is a combination of the following access flags: PROT_NONE or a bitwise-or of the other values in the following list:
Additionally (since Linux 2.6.0), prot can have one of the following flags set:
Like mprotect(), pkey_mprotect() changes the protection on the pages specified by addr and len. The pkey argument specifies the protection key (see pkeys(7)) to assign to the memory. The protection key must be allocated with pkey_alloc(2) before it is passed to pkey_mprotect(). For an example of the use of this system call, see pkeys(7).
pkey_mprotect() は非標準の Linux による拡張である。
Whether PROT_EXEC has any effect different from PROT_READ depends on processor architecture, kernel version, and process state. If READ_IMPLIES_EXEC is set in the process's personality flags (see personality(2)), specifying PROT_READ will implicitly add PROT_EXEC.
On some hardware architectures (e.g., i386), PROT_WRITE implies PROT_READ.
POSIX.1 では、 prot で指定されていないアクセスを許可する実装を認めている。 ただし、最低限、 PROT_WRITE がセットされている場合にのみ書き込みアクセスが許可され、 PROT_NONE がセットされている場合にはアクセスは許可されない点だけは 満たす必要がある。
Applications should be careful when mixing use of mprotect() and pkey_mprotect(). On x86, when mprotect() is used with prot set to PROT_EXEC a pkey may be allocated and set on the memory implicitly by the kernel, but only when the pkey was 0 previously.
On systems that do not support protection keys in hardware, pkey_mprotect() may still be used, but pkey must be set to -1. When called this way, the operation of pkey_mprotect() is equivalent to mprotect().
プログラムを実行した場合の一例を以下に示す。
$ ./a.out Start of region: 0x804c000 Got SIGSEGV at address: 0x804e000
#define handle_error(msg) \
do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0)
static char *buffer;
static void handler(int sig, siginfo_t *si, void *unused) {
/* Note: calling printf() from a signal handler is not safe
(and should not be done in production programs), since
printf() is not async-signal-safe; see signal-safety(7).
Nevertheless, we use printf() here as a simple way of
showing that the handler was called. */
printf("Got SIGSEGV at address: %p\n", si->si_addr);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); }
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
int pagesize;
struct sigaction sa;
sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
sa.sa_sigaction = handler;
if (sigaction(SIGSEGV, &sa, NULL) == -1)
handle_error("sigaction");
pagesize = sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE);
if (pagesize == -1)
handle_error("sysconf");
/* Allocate a buffer aligned on a page boundary;
initial protection is PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE */
buffer = memalign(pagesize, 4 * pagesize);
if (buffer == NULL)
handle_error("memalign");
printf("Start of region: %p\n", buffer);
if (mprotect(buffer + pagesize * 2, pagesize,
PROT_READ) == -1)
handle_error("mprotect");
for (char *p = buffer ; ; )
*(p++) = 'a';
printf("Loop completed\n"); /* Should never happen */
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); }
[man1]
[man2]
[man3]
[man4]
[man5]
[man6]
[man7]
[man8]
[a]
[b]
[c]
[d]
[e]
[f]
[g]
[h]
[i]
[j]
[k]
[l]
[m]
[n]
[o]
[p]
[q]
[r]
[s]
[t]
[u]
[v]
[w]
[x]
[y]
[z]